Photos and video dominate modern phone storage. A few minutes of high-resolution video can outweigh every app on the device, so any serious cleanup starts with the camera roll rather than with apps.
The second layer is cached data. Messaging and streaming apps quietly store copies of everything you have viewed, and an app that installed at 200 megabytes can occupy several gigabytes after a year. Clearing that cache loses nothing permanent.
Full storage does more than block downloads. Phones need free space to write temporary files, install updates and manage memory, so a device close to full will feel slow and may fail to update at all.
Cloud backup helps, but only if you then remove the local copies. Many people back up photos and never free the originals, so the space is still occupied while the safety net exists.