Printing pushes data to the printer; scanning pulls data back. That reverse direction needs the computer to be discoverable, which is why scanning breaks far more often than printing on the same device.
Scan-to-computer requires a listening component on the machine. If the manufacturer's software was never installed, or its background service was disabled to speed up start-up, the printer has nowhere to send the image.
Feeders add their own faults: a sheet loaded slightly crooked, a worn pickup roller, or lids not fully closed produce blank or skewed scans.
Scanning to email or a USB stick from the device itself is a useful test — if that works, the scanner hardware is fine and the problem is on the computer side.