When Bluetooth vanishes entirely — no toggle, no settings section — the system has stopped seeing the adapter. That is a different problem from a device failing to pair.
Many laptops combine Wi-Fi and Bluetooth on one card, so an airplane-mode switch or a wireless function key can disable both together.
Power management is another common cause. The system is allowed to switch the adapter off to save energy, and it does not always switch it back on cleanly after sleep.
A driver that failed to load after an update produces the same result: the hardware is present but has no translator, so nothing appears in settings.