An app's storage splits into two parts. Cache holds temporary copies — thumbnails, downloaded media, rendered previews — that the app can rebuild. Data holds settings, sign-in state and anything created locally.
Clearing cache is safe and often effective. It fixes stale images, broken layouts and inexplicable loading loops, and the app rebuilds what it needs on next use.
Clearing data is a factory reset for that app. You lose sign-in, preferences and anything not synced to a server, which matters for note apps, offline downloads and authenticators.
Work upward: restart, clear cache, reinstall, and only clear data when you know what is stored remotely.